Helical – A cutting edge or flute which progresses uniformly around a cylindrical surface in an axial direction. The normal helical direction is a right direction spiral. It is the surface of the tooth trailing the cutting edge. Heel – The back edge of the relieved land. The space between cutting edges, which provides chip space and resharpening capabilities. Gash width – The width of the gash feature. Gash angle – The relief angle of the gash feature. Gash (Notch) – The secondary cuts on a tool to provide chip space at corners and ends. The space forming the end cutting edge, which is used when feeding axially. Often used incorrectly to denote cutting length. The number on an end mill will determine the feed rate.įlute Length – Length of flutes or grooves. Sometimes referred to as “teeth” or “gullet”. As this angle approaches 90 degrees the shock loading is increased.Įntrance Angle: Ramp in – The angle or radius value to enter the cutter into the part surface.įillet – The radius at the bottom of the flute, from which core diameter is found.įlute – Space between cutting teeth providing chip space and regrinding capabilities. Dish ensures that a flat surface is produced by the cutter.Įntrance Angle – The angle formed by a line through the center of the cutter at 90 to the direction of feed and a radial line through the initial point of contact. This concept is based on reducing the harmonic effect of the tool contacting the part in an exact moment of vibration.ĭish Angle – The angle formed by the end cutting edge and a plane perpendicular to the cutter axis. This provides a variation in tooth spacing and can be beneficial in reducing chatter. The intersection of two finely finished surfaces, generally of an included angle of less than 90 degrees.Ĭutting Edge Angle – The angle formed by the cutting edge and the tool axis.ĭifferential pitch cutters – A specifically designed variation in the radial spacing of the cutter teeth. This feature is produced by a dish angle produced on the cutter.Ĭonvex – An outward projection radius feature on the end face of a ball mill.Ĭore Diameter – The diameter of a cylinder (or cone shape with tapered Endmills) tangent to the flutes at the deepest point.Ĭounterbore – A recess in a non-end cutting tool to facilitate grinding.Ĭutter Sweep (Runout) – Tool material removed by the fluting cutter (or grinding wheel) at the end of the flute.Ĭutting Edge – The leading edge of the cutter tooth. Clearance: Tertiary ( 3rd) – Additional relief clearance provided adjacent to the secondary angle.Ĭoncave – Small hollow required on the end face of an Endmill.Clearance: Secondary (2nd angle 14 – 17 degrees) – Relief adjacent to the cutting edge.Clearance: Primary (first angle 5 – 9 degree) – Relief adjacent to the cutting edge.Suitable for rough machining.Ĭlearance – Space created by the removal of additional tool material from behind the relief angle.Ĭlearance Angle – The angle formed by the cleared surface and line tangent to the cutting edge. It is used to strengthen the otherwise weak corner.Ĭhip Breakers – Special geometry of the rake face that causes the chip to curl tightly and break.Ĭhip Splitters – Notches in the circumference of a corn-cob style Endmill cutter resulting in narrow chips. This condition aids not only the plunging or drilling condition but also tends to compensate for deflection.Ĭhamfer – A short relieved flat installed where the periphery and face of a cutter meet. The cut that an Angular edge tool produces will not be as flat as a helical cutting edge.Īxial Runout – The difference between the highest and lowest indicator reading that is taken at the face of a cutter near the outer diameter.īack taper – A slight taper resulting in the shank end of the cutting diameter being smaller than the cutting end. Angular Edge – The cutting edge that is a straight line and forms an angle with the cutter axis.
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